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Genevra Kornbluth.
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Last updated
August 23, 2023

Historical Archive: Crosses and isolated Corpora to about 1150

See also Crucifixion in Christianity, Judaism iconographic index; and for large stone crosses, Insular Stone Sculpture.


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silver cross, 6th-early 7th c., DO BZ.1955.17, which has its own page
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cross pendant, gold, Egypt?, early 7th c., DO BZ.1937.24. For oblique view see DO.
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bronze cross prob. 677-88, formerly on roof of Ravenna, Orthodox baptistery, which has its own pages.
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cross, copper and silver, 8th-9th c., Sens CT C.207. This work has its own page.
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Cross of Desiderius, 9th c. and later, Brescia Museum of Santa Giulia (This object has its own page.)
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Beresford Hope reliquary cross: Mary, SS Peter, Andrew, John the Baptist, and Paul, enamel, gold, and silver gilt, 9th c., Italy?, V&A 265&A-1886. For reverse and profile see V&A.
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cross, copper plate/glass, 9th to 10th c. Cologne, Schn G6. For oblique view see Schn.
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Cross fr. West Frankish territory, gold/garnet/glass/enamel c.800, poss. fr. Quiercy, BNM 21/92
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Ardennes Cross, center, c.830, Nürnberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum
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Ardennes Cross, center, c.830, Nürnberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum
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"The Canterbury Cross" fr. St George’s Street Canterbury; bronze, silver, niello; c.850, CHM. For a detail see CHM.
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pendant cross, bronze/enamel, 10th-13th c., Novgorod AM
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c.950 cross found in north mound at Jelling, which has its own page
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Lothar Cross, gold and gems on wood core, c.985, AachenCT, which has its own page
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Byzantine pendant cross, gold with emeralds, enamel, 11th c., V&A M.386-1911
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Byzantine pectoral cross, silver, 11th-13th c., MRAH ACO.76.1.1
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Byzantine pectoral cross with St. George, copper alloy, 11th-13th c., MRAH ACO.75.1.3
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cross encolpion, copper alloy?: Crucifixion, Kiev c.1000-1250, MSHM
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cross encolpion, copper alloy?: Virgin and Child, Kiev c.1000-1250, MSHM
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cross encolpion with hinged fitting, copper alloy?: Virgin and Child, Kiev c.1000-1250, MSHM
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cross encolpion, copper alloy?: engraved Virgin and Child, Kiev c.1000-1250, MSHM
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pendant cross, non-ferrous metal, 11th-14th c., Novgorod AM
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cross, non-ferrous metal, 11th-15th c., Novgorod AM
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Crucifixion from Lewes Priory, Sussex, Eng., walrus ivory, early 11th c., BM MME 87,10-25,14
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Silver Bernward cross, aft. 1007-bef. 1022, HildMus DS6, which has its own page
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gold cross said to have belonged to Bernward (d. 1022), on Large Bernward cross, HildMus DS L109, which has its own page
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Guelph Cross; gold, silver gilt, gems, pearls, enamel, and niello on wood core; Milan bef. 1045 or central/south Italy, early 12th c; KGM W1. This work has its own page
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Countess Gertrude cross: gold, gems, and enamel on wood core, c.1045, CMA 1931.55. This object has its own page.
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Count Liudolf cross: gold, gems, and enamel on wood core, c.1045, CMA 1931.461. For reverse and details see CMA.
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pendant reliquary cross, walrus ivory with silver, England prob. mid-11th c., V&A A.6-1966. This work has its own page.
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Osnabrück processional cross, gold and gems, c.1050 and later, Osnabrück diocesan museum. For detail see Osnabrück.
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corpus from a crucifix, gold, 2nd half of 11th c., HNM
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Åby crucifix, oak with copper plates/gilt/vernis brun, c.1050-1100, NMD D629. For details see Copenhagen.
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Enger cross, gold and gems, c.1100, workshop of Roger von Helmarshausen, KGM 88,635. This work has its own page.
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Crucifix from Lisbjerg, c.1100-25, gilded copper, NMD D287. Crucifix and altar have their own page.
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Oroe Cross, early 12th c., found on the island of Oroe in the Isefjord, National Museum Copenhagen 10861. For other views see Copenhagen.
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Frøslev reliquary, copper/enamel, c.1100-50, NMD D751, which has its own page
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Guelph Cross; gold, silver gilt, gems, pearls, enamel, and niello on wood core; Milan bef. 1045 or central/south Italy, early 12th c; KGM W1. This work has its own page
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crucified Christ, bronze, Reiner of Huy?, Liège c.1110-20, Schn H70
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disc cross, copper gilt/gems, c.1140, HildMus DS27b or c. Three disc crosses at Hildesheim have their own page
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Crucifixion reliquary cross plaque, enamel, Mosan mid 12th c., WAM 44.98 (This image not available at higher resolution.) For details see Walters.
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Large Bernward cross, c.1150, HildMus DS L109, which has its own page