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Genevra Kornbluth.
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Last updated
August 1, 2023

Historical Archive: Culture/Period Index
This index includes objects identifiable only by culture as well as datable ones.
When not otherwise indicated, divisions refer to the cultures of western Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas.
For strict chronology regardless of culture, see the Chronological Index


Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, northern European Bronze Age

Ancient Near East through 5th c. CE

Egypt, Israel, Jordan including Ptolemaic and Roman, through 5th c. CE

Pre-Columbian, 7th c. BCE to 15th c. CE

Central Asia, Scythian, Steppe, Caucasus, Black Sea, Crimea,
through 3rd c. BCE, 2nd c. BCE to 14th c. CE

Greece and Cyprus, c.750 BCE to 2nd c. CE

Etruscan, 'Italic', c.700 BCE-1st c. BCE

Celtic, 4th c. BCE-2nd c. CE

1st c. BCE to 5th c. CE: Roman period, not including explicitly Christian material

3rd to 5th c. explicitly Christian (Early Christian)

Sasanian Empire, 224 to 651

Byzantine Empire, 4th to 15th c., and "post-Byzantine" works

Continental 4th to 8th c.: Merovingian, Visigothic, Ostrogothic, Lombard, Avar, early Scandinavian

British Isles, 6th to mid-11th c.: Anglo-Saxon and other Insular objects

Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and explicitly Islamic works 7th c. to present

Korea 7th c. to present

Continental Europe late 8th to late 10th c.: Carolingian and Viking period

late 10th to 12th century: Ottonian, Capetian, Romanesque, Gothic

13th to 15th century: Gothic and Renaissance (Early Modern)

16th and 17th centuries: Renaissance and Baroque

Chinese, Qing Dynasty and modern

18th and 19th centuries

20th and 21st centuries

Click to enlarge.
Stele of Naram-Sin, pink limestone, 2254-2218 BCE, Louvre

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Spitzer Cross, copper gilt and enamel, French c.1190, CMA 1923.1051

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Harvey Littleton (American, b. 1922), Blue Crown, pulled and cased glass, 1988, IMA 1991.221a-l. Art object copyright: artist/heirs.

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Ivory box with Arabic inscription in tuluth script, late 13th-early 14th c. Spain or Egypt, Sens CT TC.C'5